Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease is hard because of the many variants, which may have different underlying causes. Currently, arbitrary clinical criteria are used to label patitents. Harnessing two large cohorts of patients from across the UK (total N=1138), we found that patients with different labels also had different patterns on cognitive and psychiatric measures (Hu et al., Brain 2025). This helps clinicians establish diagnoses more firmly, but also use more fine-grained phenotyping that acknowledges the blurred edges between these disorders. [classifier weights also available!].
